Liver Cirrhosis
Cirrhosis represents the end stage of chronic liver disease, where normal liver tissue is replaced by scar tissue (fibrosis). While cirrhosis cannot be reversed, early detection and proper management can slow progression, prevent complications, and significantly improve quality of life.
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Understanding Liver Cirrhosis
The liver is a remarkable organ with the ability to regenerate. However, when it is subjected to ongoing injury over many years, the repeated cycles of damage and repair eventually lead to the formation of scar tissue. As scarring progresses, the liver becomes increasingly stiff and loses its ability to function normally.
Cirrhosis is classified as either "compensated" (when the liver still functions adequately) or "decompensated" (when complications develop).
Common Causes of Cirrhosis
Complications of Cirrhosis
As cirrhosis progresses, various complications can develop. Understanding these helps patients recognise warning signs and seek timely care.
Portal Hypertension
Increased pressure in the portal vein leading to enlarged veins (varices) in the oesophagus and stomach that can bleed.
Ascites
Accumulation of fluid in the abdomen causing swelling and discomfort.
Hepatic Encephalopathy
Confusion, altered consciousness, and cognitive changes due to toxin buildup when the liver cannot filter properly.
Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis
Infection of the ascitic fluid requiring prompt antibiotic treatment.
Hepatorenal Syndrome
Kidney failure that can occur in advanced cirrhosis.
Liver Cancer (HCC)
Cirrhosis significantly increases the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma.
Diagnosis and Assessment
Diagnosing cirrhosis and assessing its severity involves multiple approaches to determine the extent of liver damage and guide treatment decisions.
Blood Tests
Liver function tests, platelet count, albumin, and clotting factors help assess liver function and disease severity.
FibroScan
A non-invasive test that measures liver stiffness to assess the degree of fibrosis without the need for biopsy.
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Ultrasound
Evaluates liver size, texture, and detects signs of portal hypertension such as splenomegaly and ascites.
CT or MRI Scan
Provides detailed imaging for comprehensive assessment of liver architecture and detection of complications.
Gastroscopy
Screens for oesophageal and gastric varices that require monitoring or preventive treatment.
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Liver Biopsy
May be needed in certain cases to confirm the diagnosis, identify the cause, or assess disease activity.
Learn more about this procedure →Management Strategies
Effective management of cirrhosis requires a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach focused on treating the underlying cause, preventing complications, and maintaining quality of life.
Regular surveillance for liver cancer with ultrasound and AFP every 6 months
Endoscopic screening and treatment of oesophageal varices
Diuretic therapy and dietary sodium restriction for ascites
Lactulose and rifaximin for hepatic encephalopathy prevention
Vaccination against hepatitis A and B if not immune
Nutritional support and avoidance of alcohol
Liver transplant evaluation for suitable candidates
Liver Transplantation
For patients with advanced cirrhosis or those who develop decompensation, liver transplantation may be the best treatment option. With my training and experience in liver transplant medicine from Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham and the University of Kentucky, I provide:
Comprehensive assessment of transplant candidacy
Optimisation of health while awaiting transplantation
Coordination with transplant centres
Long-term follow-up care
Expert Cirrhosis Management
Living with cirrhosis requires expert care and regular monitoring. Schedule a consultation to develop a personalised management plan.
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Disclaimer: The information provided on this page is for educational purposes only and is not intended as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.